Disease resistance refers to the ability of a plant to restrict, slow, or ward off infection and spread of pathogens like bacteria, fungi, and viruses that cause disease. There are several types of disease resistance in plants:
Plants have physical and chemical barriers to impede pathogens. Physical barriers include the cell wall, cuticle, bark, and plant surface features like hairs and resins. Chemical barriers include antioxidants, phytoalexins, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that counteract pathogens.
There are also R genes that recognize specific pathogens and trigger localized cell death to stop pathogen spread. This hypersensitive response limits infection. Plants can have many R genes to resist multiple pathogens.
Breeders select parent plants with strong disease resistance and cross them to develop resistant commercial varieties. Gene editing tools like CRISPR may also insert resistance genes. Managing crop rotation, sanitation, fertilization, irrigation, and pesticides also helps suppress pathogens.
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Additional aspects of disease resistance:
Benefits of disease resistant plants:
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